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Steel Structure

Qingdao KXD Steel Structure Co.,Ltd

 

 

As a pioneer in steel structure building industry, Qingdao KXD Steel Structure Co.,Ltd has been dedicated to design, engineering, detailing, manufacture, erection and management for various structural steel building projects with 20 year warranty whether for industrial, commercial, residential and agricultural sectors. Our goal is to be the leading and irreplaceable supplier, contractor and solution provider in terms of prefabricated/pre-engineered steel building business!

 

 
Why Choose Us
 
01/

KXD's Strength
Our goal is to be the leading and irreplaceable supplier, contractor and solution provider!

02/

Rich Experience
Providing technical support, troubleshooting, and maintenance services.

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Our Service
Our service runs throughout the whole production process from the pre-sales, product design, production and after-sales.

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One-stop Solution
Support to customers to ensure a smooth transaction.

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What is a Steel Structure. Briefly Explain
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A structure that is collected from different steel individuals from various shapes sizes and associated together by welding or riveting and performs some function, and plays out some capacity, and securely withstands the heaps it is exposed to is known as a steel structure. The steel structure is a metal structure that is made of essential steel parts associated with one another to convey stacks and give full rigidity. Given the high-quality strength grade of steel, this structure is dependable and requires less crude materials than different kinds of structures like solid structure and timber structure. Construction of steel structures is far increasingly quicker at that point concrete since strong needs time for curing after casting.

The steel structure is a structure chiefly made of steel materials and is one of the fundamental kinds of building structures. The structure is principally made out of steel shafts, steel sections, steel supports, and different segments made of steel and steel plates, and the joints, jolts, or bolts are typically associated between the layers or parts. Because of its lightweight and necessary development, it is generally utilized in enormous production lines, arenas, overly elevated structures, and different fields. In current construction, steel structures are used for every sort of structure, including overwhelming modern structure, high structure, hardware emotionally supportive network, foundation, connection, tower, a substantial mechanical plant, pipe rack, and so on. Tall structures today are built utilizing steel because of its constructability, just as great solidarity to-weight proportion when contrasted with concrete while being less thick than steel and much lower solidarity to-weight proportion ratio.

Steel structures in which the individuals are made of steel and are joined by welding. Because of the high strength of steel, these structures are stable and require less material than different kinds of structures. Steel structures are recognized by the decent variety of their shapes and by their building expressiveness. Fabrication and installation of steel buildings structure are acknowledged through mechanical strategies. The main disadvantage of steel structures is susceptibility to corrosion, which necessitates that defensive measures, for example, the use of unique coatings and paints, be taken periodically, thereby increasing service costs. The steel structure is a metal structure that is made of primary steel segments interface with one another to convey stacks and give full inflexibility. Structural steel is steel construction material created with a particular shape and synthetic structure to suit a project's applicable specifications.

Advantages of steel structures:

  • Design freedom
  • Short terms of the manufacture
  • Reliable
  • Easy to make
  • Economic
  • Light-weighted and easy in transportation
  • Industrial approach
  • Impermeability

 

Steel Structure Workshop with Crane

 

What is Structural Steel Used For

Structural steel is primarily used for construction purposes, but it can also be found throughout the automobile & energy infrastructure industries. There may even be instances where structural steel is used to build various machinery, equipment storage tanks, tools, household appliances & for food and beverage packaging.

 

 

Does Structural Steel Rust

The short answer, yes, structural steel can rust. About 85% of steel produced is carbon steel which means it's more likely to rust overtime.
However, structural engineers are well versed in understanding the properties that contribute to structural steel corrosion and will factor this in during the design phase of a project. There are also ways of preparing structural steel so it is more rust protective. Some methods are galvanization, primer & powder coats as well as bluing.

Some of the factors leading to rust could be (these factors will vary based upon the environment the structural steel is existing in):

  • PH
  • Oxygen
  • Moisture content
  • Fresh or saltwater exposure
  • Atmospherically exposed metals
  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Rainfall
  • Sulfur dioxide (pollution) concentration in the air

Side note- In general, when a lot of humidity and salt water exist, structural steel is more prone to rust. Think the southern coast of the United States.

Steel Structure Fertilizer Workshop in Malawi

 

Benefits of Steel Structure for Residential Construction

 

 

There are many benefits of using steel in residential construction. These include:
Strength and design freedom
In terms of colour, texture, and shape, steel gives architects a more creative look. Because it combines resilience, durability, beauty, accuracy, and malleability, it offers architects more flexibility to experiment with concepts and develop new solutions. Large open expanses without intermediate columns or load-bearing walls result from steel's long-spanning capacity. It stands out for having the flexibility to bend to a certain radius, forming segmented curves or free-form combinations for facades, arches, or domes. Steel is less susceptible to on-site variability since it is factory-finished to the tightest requirements under well-regulated conditions.

Fast, efficient and resourceful
In any season, steel can be assembled fast and effectively. With little on-site labour, components are pre-manufactured off-site. Depending on the size of a project, an entire frame can be constructed in days instead of weeks, which results in a 20% to 40% shorter construction period than on-site construction.

For single homes in more challenging locations, steel frequently permits fewer contact points with the land, minimising the amount of excavation needed. A smaller, more straightforward foundation is possible due to structural steel's lesser weight than alternative framing materials like concrete. These executional efficiency improvements translate to significant resource efficiencies and financial advantages, such as quicker project schedules, lower site management expenses, and an earlier return on investment.
Less than 150 °C causes little change in the steel's characteristics. In hot workplaces, steel structures are therefore appropriate, but heat insulation panels should be used to

Adaptable and accessible
A building's function can alter drastically and quickly today. A tenant can request modifications that considerably raise the floor load. Depending on the needs and space consumption, walls may need to be moved to create new interior layouts. Steel construction allows for such adjustments.

Non-composite steel beams can be combined with the floor slab already in place, cover plates can be added to the beams to boost strength, and beams and girders can easily be reinforced, supplemented with more framework, or even moved to handle different loads. Existing communication, computer networking, and electrical wiring may all be easily accessed and modified because of steel framing and floor systems.

Endlessly recyclable
When a steel-framed building is taken down, its parts can either be recycled or sent back into the closed-loop recycling system utilised by the steel industry. Steel may be recycled indefinitely without losing any of its qualities. Nothing goes to waste. Because about 30% of today's new steel is made from recycled steel, steel reduces the need for natural raw resource use.

Added fire resistance
The industry now has a solid grasp of how steel buildings react to fire because of extensive testing of structural steelwork and whole steel structures. Modern design and analytical methods enable exact specification of fire protection needs for steel-framed structures, frequently leading to significant reductions in the amount of fire protection needed.

Earthquake resistance
In terms of size, frequency, length of time, and location, earthquakes are unexpected. Because it is malleable and flexible by nature, steel is the material of choice for design. Under heavy pressures, it flexes as opposed to breaking or disintegrating. The primary purpose of many beam-to-column connections in steel buildings is to support gravity loads. They can, however, also withstand substantial lateral loads caused by wind and earthquakes.

It can withstand severe winds, earthquakes, hurricanes, and heavy snowfall, among other extreme forces and adverse weather conditions. Termites, bugs, mildew, mould, and fungi do not affect them; unlike wood frames, they are also resistant to corrosion.

Lighter and less environmental impact
The environmental impact of the construction is lessened by the fact that steel constructions can often be substantially lighter than concrete counterparts and need less extensive foundations. The utilisation of transportation and fuel is decreased because they use fewer and lighter materials. If necessary, steel piling foundations can be removed, recycled, or reused at the end of a building's life, leaving no trash behind.

Steel is energy-efficient because heat quickly escapes from steel roofing, keeping homes cool in hotter climates. For better heat retention in cold areas, double steel panel walls can be adequately insulated.

 

Characteristics of Steel Structure
 
  • The following are some of the major properties of steel structures.
  • Steel structures are strong and have high load-bearing capacity
  • Excellent seismic performance, suitability for bearing impact and dynamic loads, and high structural reliability are all attributes of steel.
  • Steel has a consistent internal structure that is similar to that of an isotropic homogeneous body. The mathematical theory more closely matches the steel structure's actual working performance. The steel structure is, therefore, very reliable. The ratio of density to yield strength is considerably lower than that of concrete and wood. Accordingly, given the same stress parameters, the steel structure has a small section, is lightweight, is simple to carry and install, and is appropriate for wide spans and high heights.
  • The steel structure is heat-resistant but not fire-resistant shield the structure's surface from temperatures above 150°C
  • Steel loses a substantial amount of its strength and elastic modulus between the temperatures of 300 and 400 °C, and at about 600 °C, steel strength tends to zero. Refractory materials must shield the steel structure in buildings with specific fire safety criteria to increase the fire resistance level.
 

Steel structures have weak resistance to corrosion
It easily rusts, especially in an atmosphere with high humidity and corrosion. Typically, de-rusting, galvanising, painting, and routine maintenance are required for steel structures. To stop corrosion, specific precautions like “zinc block anode protection” are needed for offshore platform structures submerged in seawater.
Steel structure installation and manufacturing processes are highly mechanised
Steel structural components are quickly produced in factories and put together on site. High production efficiency, quick site assembly and minimal building time are all benefits of factory mechanised manufacturing of steel structural components. The most industrialised structure is made of steel.

 
 

High strength and seismic resistance
Steel structures have advantages over typical reinforced concrete structures, including superior inhomogeneity, high strength, quick construction, good seismic resilience, and a high recycling rate. The mass of steel members is light under the same stress conditions because steel has strength and elastic modulus that are several times higher than those of masonry and concrete. The steel structure is a flexible damage construction that can identify danger early on and prevent it due to its substantial predicted deformation from the viewpoint of being destroyed.

 

 

Methods of Steel Structure Design
 

The design of a steel structure can be done in one of three ways: simple, continuous, or semi-continuous. To simplify design calculations, joints in structures have been considered to behave as either pinned or flexible.

Simple designs idealise their joints as flawless pins. Regardless of the applied moment, continuous innovation presumes that joints are rigid and that connected elements cannot rotate relative to one another. Majority of designs created today rely on one of these two presumptions, although a semi-continuous plan, a more practical option, is now feasible.
Following are the methods of design of steel structure:

 
Simple design of steel structure

The most conventional method is a simple design, which is still used frequently. Bracing or, in some multi-story buildings, concrete cores are typically used to ensure a structure's resilience to lateral loads and sway.

The designer must be aware of the joint response presumptions and make sure that the connections are detailed in a manner that prevents any moments from arising that can negatively impact the structure's performance.

The types of details that meet this condition have been demonstrated through many years of experience, and the designer should take note of the typical connections on joints in uncomplicated construction.

 
Continuous design of steel structures

Joints that transfer moments between parts are supposed to be stiff in continuous design. Frame action is what keeps the frame from swaying.

The frame analysis is frequently done using the software since the continuous design is more sophisticated than the basic design. Continuous frames must be designed with realistic pattern loading combinations in mind.

Depending on whether the frame is designed using an elastic or a plastic method, the connections between the members must have differing properties.

In a flexible design, the joints must have enough rotational stiffness to ensure that the forces and moments distributed throughout the frame don't diverge noticeably from the calculated values.

The joint needs to be strong enough to support the moments, forces, and shears that result from the frame analysis.

The strength of the joint, not its stiffness, is the most crucial factor in plastic design for calculating the maximum load capacity. Whether plastic hinges are found in the joints or the members will depend on how strong the joint is, which will significantly impact how the structure collapses.

If joints are intended to have hinges, the joint must be specified with enough ductility to support the ensuing rotations. When computing sway stability, sway deflections, and beam deflections, the stiffness of the joints will be crucial.

 
Semi-continuous design of steel structure

True semi-continuous design is more complicated than basic or continuous design because the actual joint response is more accurately represented. The development of analytical routines that closely track the actual connection behaviour is extremely labour-intensive and not suitable for routine design.

For both braced and unbraced frames, there are two streamlined processes, which are briefly discussed below. Unbraced frames produce lateral load resistance from the bending moments in the columns and beams, whereas braced frames use a bracing system or a core to generate this resistance.

 

 

 

Our Factory

As a pioneer in steel structure building industry, Qingdao KXD Steel Structure Co.,Ltd has been dedicated to design, engineering, detailing, manufacture, erection and management for various structural steel building projects with 20 year warranty whether for industrial, commercial, residential and agricultural sectors. Our goal is to be the leading and irreplaceable supplier, contractor and solution provider in terms of prefabricated/pre-engineered steel building business!

 

FAQ
 

Q: What is meant by steel structure?

A: What is steel structure? Steel structure is a metal structure which is made of structural steel* components connect with each other to carry loads and provide full rigidity.

Q: What are the 4 types of steel structures?

A: The type of steel building structures is the portal rigid steel frame, the frame structure, the truss structure, and the grid structure. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different structural systems is essential to design your project correctly.

Q: Why steel structures are used?

A: Steel is used because it binds well to concrete, has a similar thermal expansion coefficient and is strong and relatively cost-effective. Reinforced concrete is also used to provide deep foundations and basements and is currently the world's primary building material.

Q: What are the basics of steel structures?

A: Basic Knowledge of Steel Structure
Frame: A plane or space consisting mainly of beams and columns connected, single or multiple layers structure. 2. Rigid frame: refers to a single-layer frame consisting of a beam (or truss) and a column. (for example: a structural form that is formed by a solid web beam and so on.)

Q: Is steel structure better than concrete?

A: So, with that in mind, is steel stronger than concrete? Naturally, durability is going to be one of the first questions that come up with any construction material. Ultimately, steel wins out, but concrete is far from poor in this regard. Concrete structures are easily resistant to fire damage, wind damage, and pests.

Q: What is the difference between structural steel and steel structure?

A: Structural steel has a higher carbon content instead of mild steel. Structural steel is fabricated through warmth and mechanical medicines, while mild steel can be molded into explicit structures through a machine, shaper, and boring machines.

Q: What is the most common steel structure?

A: The most common types of structural steel are beams, tee sections, flanges, plates and channels, among others. Learn more about these components below.

Q: What is a steel structure building called?

A: Portal Steel Frame Buildings can be divided into two types: portal frame buildings and portal frame buildings with floor trusses and roof trusses. The former is mainly composed of column beams, beams and girders, while the latter is mainly composed of floor beams and roof beams.

Q: What is the largest steel structure in the world?

A: The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest stadium, took five years to complete and was China's centrepiece for the 2008 Olympic Games. It is an architectural wonder constructed with more than 42,000 tonnes of steel. It is the largest steel structure in the world.

Q: What grade is structural steel?

A: There are a variety of structural steel grades, the most popular being ASTM A36 and ASTM A572. These and other structural steel grades are primarily used to build frames of buildings and bridges.

Q: What is the main advantage of structural steel?

A: Steel is highly tensile, meaning it can withstand significant impacts without breaking. Because it's resistant to mould and termites, structural steel is a preferred material for residential construction. It's also resistant to corrosion.

Q: How to learn steel structure design?

A: Read introductory materials or textbooks on steel structures. This will give you an overview of the different types of steel structures, their components, and the design principles involved. Design Software: Get hands-on experience with structural design software commonly used in the industry.

Q: How thick is structural steel?

A: Structural studs must have a minimum steel thickness (base steel) of no less than 0.033 inches. All Bailey studs have a base metal thickness greater than 0.033 inches. The cold-formed steel framing manufacturers use a universal designator system for their products.

Q: Which is cheaper steel structure or concrete?

A: Steel is cheaper than concrete and faster to erect, but comes with a longer lead time. Due to its lower fire resistance, insurance premiums for steel structures tend to be higher.

Q: What lasts longer steel or concrete?

A: Steel is dimensionally more durable than concrete. Unlike concrete, steel will not warp, split, shrink, or crack when exposed to the elements. Additionally, steel structures can are more effective at withstanding earthquakes.

Q: Is it cheaper to build with steel or concrete?

A: According to a study, typical steel frame structural system can save 5% - 7% cost than reinforced concrete system. As we all know, steel has very high strength. Compared to concrete, steel is eight times stronger in terms of tension and shear forces.

Q: Is rebar considered structural steel?

A: Reinforced Steel
Reinforcement steel differs from structural steel as it is generally used in combination with concrete and masonry structures to strengthen and reinforce. In these situations, the steel provides tensile strength, which concrete generally lacks, while the concrete offers compressive strength.

Q: How strong are steel structures?

A: Steel buildings can be designed to withstand a 160 mph sustained wind and are often recommended for places even with the highest seismic rankings. Steel is a fire-resistant material so, unlike in a wood structure, fire spreads slowly through a steel building.

Q: Is structural steel the same as rebar?

A: Structural Steel & Reinforced Beams: Key Differences
These two principle types of steel contain particular physical properties that make them ideal for specific purposes. Structural steel beams are used primarily for shaping the edges of structures, while reinforcement steel bars vary as they're used alongside concrete and masonry to strengthen it.

Q: Are steel houses safe?

A: It's a Proven Durable Material
There are decades of evidence that ensures steel buildings are designed and engineered to the strictest safety and building standards. And with 3D modeling, architects and engineers can find potential hazardous issues and correct them before the site is even leveled.

We are professional steel structure manufacturers and suppliers in China, specialized in producing prefabricated building with low cost. If you are going to wholesale custom made steel structure at cheap price, welcome to contact our factory for quotation.

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