Bridge is a kind of overhead road building with bearing capacity. Its main function is to provide special railway, highway, channel, pipeline and people to cross rivers, valleys or other obstacles. It is an important part of traffic line.
The bridge is generally composed of the following parts
1. Bridge span structure
The main load-bearing structure that crosses the obstacle when the line is interrupted.
2. Piers and abutments
It is a building that supports the bridge span structure and transmits the dead load and vehicle live load to the foundation.
Generally, the abutment is set at both ends of the bridge. In addition to the above functions, it also connects with the embankment to resist the earth pressure of the embankment and prevent the landslide and collapse of the embankment fill.
3. Foundation
In piers and abutments, the part in which the whole load is transmitted to the bottom of the foundation for foundation laying is usually called the foundation. It is the key to ensure the safe use of the bridge. Because the foundation is often deeply buried in the source of soil layer and needs to be constructed underwater, it is also a difficult part of bridge construction.
4. Superstructure
Usually people also call the bridge span structure as the superstructure of the bridge. The bridge pier or abutment is the substructure of the bridge.
5. Support
In a bridge, the device for transmitting force set at the supporting place of bridge span or pier or abutment is called support.
It not only needs to transfer a large load of ZD, but also needs to ensure that the bridge span structure can produce certain changes.
6. Conical revetment
At the junction of embankment and abutment, Stone Cone revetment is set on both sides of abutment. In order to ensure the stability of the embankment slope facing the water.